Geneticists are scientists who study genes, DNA, and especially how hereditary information is transmitting from generation to generation. Their studies include the mapping out of genomes, the altering of DNA, and the discovery of specific genes that can be used to benefit humans and other life species. There are several types of geneticists: Research geneticists, Laboratory geneticists, Clinical geneticists, and Genetic counselors. Within these types, there are many specialties, such as Cytogeneticists, Biochemical geneticists, and Molecular geneticists. A great deal of dedication is an important trait in many of these scientists, as they may focus on one particular problem or question during their entire career.
Research geneticists usually are those with a Ph.D. who obtain faculty positions in academic institutions or become staff members of research facilities or biotechnology companies. Their research contributes a wealth of knowledge about the inherited characteristics of life forms, the transmission of genetic diseases, and many other important topics. Laboratory geneticists apply genetic research and technology to various societal issues and problems in fields such as agriculture, medicine, pharmaceuticals, forensics, anthropology, wildlife management, toxic waste cleanup, and biological warfare. Clinical geneticists usually are those with an M.D. degree and focus on the diagnosis and associated health problems of genetic diseases. Genetic counselors have specialized graduate degrees in the areas of counseling and medical genetics. They may coordinate treatment for patients, and provide information, support, referrals, and counseling and families at risk.